For the purpose of this debate, Karmic reincarnation(윤회사상) is the belief that every person is a physical incarnation of an immortal soul, thus the soul is reborn into a new body after biological death.
According to this belief, the conditions that individuals are reborn into depend on the moral worth of their words and actions during their previous lifetime. A person who has died after leading a virtuous and morally praiseworthy life will be reborn in a more comfortable context. In contrast, a person who has died after living a morally atrocious life will be reborn in a less desirable environment.

For the purpose of this debate, the "matrix of oppression" implies the system of inequality is built upon the intersection of multiple identity constructions such as gender, race, class, etc., creating differences even within one identity group. Minority groups focusing on such a concept tend to be more critical not only of the dominant social structure, but also of the internal power dynamics within the in-group.

There have been two different currents as a reaction to the recent affairs that negatively influenced the international political economy, such as the COVID-19 crisis or the disruption of gas supply change caused by the Russia-Ukraine war.

"Deglobalization" advocates for a less connected world with more substantial authority given to nation-states, segmentation of the global value chain, and enhancing countries' ability to self-produce essential goods and services such as health care, energy, etc.

"Reglobalization," on the other hand, advocates for reinforcing a neoliberal economic order through further integration of countries into global trade relations with tighter regulation and authorizing international organizations and global conglomerates as main actors for initiatives pertaining to climate change, health crisis, etc.

A prosecutor/judge is understood to have 'bent the law' when they have distorted the meaning of a law in a criminal case, thereby benefitting or harming a certain party in that trial.

During the US-African Union (AU) Summit held on December 14 2022, President Biden declared that the United States would go "all in" on Africa's future. Some of the tangible outcomes from this summit are the signing of MOU (Memorandum of Understanding) between the US and the African Continental Free Trade Area Secretariat, the promise of $55 billion worth of investment to Africa, and the planning of AU entering G20 Summits.

Additionally, the two parties put hope in cooperating in the areas of defense, economic development, climate change, etc. The summit is part of a renewed push to boost ties as China gains influence with trade, investment and lending drives in the region.